• 索引 含有相同属性的文档集合
• 类型 索引可以定义一个或多个类型，文档必须属于一个类型
• 文档 文档是可以被索引的基本数据单位
• 分片 每个索引都有多个分片，每个分片是一个Lucene索引
• 备份 拷贝一份分片就可以完成了分片的备份

2 基础用法

2.1 RESTFul API

API基本格式：http://<ip>:<port>/<索引>/<索引类型>/<文档id>

常用HTTP动词：GET/PUT/POST/DELETE

2.2 创建索引

2.2.1 使用默认配置创建索引

例如创建一个名为people的索引库

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people

请求方法：PUT

请求参数：无

返回结果：

{
    "acknowledged": true,
    "shards_acknowledged": true
}

2.2.2 指定配置创建索引

例如创建一个名为people的索引库，并指定分片个数为3，副本数为1

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people

请求方法：PUT

请求参数：

{
    "settings":{
        "number_of_shards":3,
        "number_of_replicas":1
    }
}

返回结果：

{
    "acknowledged": true,
    "shards_acknowledged": true
}

2.3 文档数据插入

2.3.1 自定义文档id插入数据

向people索引库中插入一个类型为man，id为1的数据

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people/man/1

请求方法：PUT

请求参数：

{
    "name":"rukey",
    "age":24
}

返回结果：

{
    "_index": "people",
    "_type": "man",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 1,
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "created": true
}

2.3.2 自动生成文档id插入数据

上述例子中显示指定了id为1，也可以让es自动为文档生成ID。

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people/man

请求方法：POST

请求参数：

{
    "name":"luke",
    "age":21
}

返回结果：

{
    "_index": "people",
    "_type": "man",
    "_id": "AXKiIOPUal2MQt749lnL",
    "_version": 1,
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "created": true
}

2.3 文档数据修改

2.3.1 直接修改文档数据

将上述people索引库中类型为man，id为1的文档数据中的age字段值改为26。

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people/man/1/_update

请求方法：POST

请求参数：

{
    "doc":{
        "age":26
    }
}

返回结果：

{
    "_index": "people",
    "_type": "man",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 2,
    "result": "updated",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    }
}

2.3.2 脚本修改文档数据

使用脚本的方式将上述people索引库中类型为man，id为1的文档数据中的age字段值减6

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people/man/1/_update

请求方法：POST

请求参数：

{
    "script":{
    "lang": "painless",
    "inline":"ctx._source.age=ctx._source.age-6"
    }
}

返回结果：

{
    "_index": "people",
    "_type": "man",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 3,
    "result": "updated",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    }
}

2.4 删除操作

2.4.1 删除文档数据

2.4.1.1 根据ID删除单条文档

例如删除people索引库中类型为man，id为1的文档数据

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people/man/1

请求方法：DELETE

请求参数：无

返回结果：

{
    "found": true,
    "_index": "people",
    "_type": "man",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 4,
    "result": "deleted",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    }
}

2.4.1.2 删除查询的所有文档

2.4.2 删除索引库

删除索引库，会将索引，以及该索引下的所有文档数据一并删除，例如删除名为people的索引库

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people

请求方法：DELETE

请求参数：无

返回结果：

{
    "acknowledged": true
}

2.5 常用查询

在进行查询之前，先准备一下数据。

创建一个名为people的索引库，并设置mappings

POST请求http://127.0.0.1:9200/people，请求参数如下

{
    "mappings": {
        "man": {
            "properties": {
                "name": {
                    "type": "keyword"
                },
                "age": {
                    "type": "integer"
                },
                "birthday": {
                    "type": "date",
                    "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||epoch_millis"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

批量插入数据

POST请求http://127.0.0.1:9200/_bulk，请求参数如下：

{ "index":{"_index":"people","_type":"man","_id":1 }} 
{ "name":"张三","age":16,"birthday":1086941876000} 

{ "index":{"_index":"people","_type":"man","_id":2 }} 
{ "name":"李四","age":20,"birthday":960711476000}

{ "index":{"_index":"people","_type":"man","_id":3 }} 
{ "name":"王五","age":16,"birthday":1086077876000}

请求结果：

{
    "took": 7,
    "errors": false,
    "items": [
        {
            "index": {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "1",
                "_version": 1,
                "result": "created",
                "_shards": {
                    "total": 2,
                    "successful": 1,
                    "failed": 0
                },
                "created": true,
                "status": 201
            }
        },
        {
            "index": {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "2",
                "_version": 1,
                "result": "created",
                "_shards": {
                    "total": 2,
                    "successful": 1,
                    "failed": 0
                },
                "created": true,
                "status": 201
            }
        },
        {
            "index": {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "3",
                "_version": 1,
                "result": "created",
                "_shards": {
                    "total": 2,
                    "successful": 1,
                    "failed": 0
                },
                "created": true,
                "status": 201
            }
        }
    ]
}

2.5.1 简单查询

查询people索引库中类型为man，id为1的文档内容

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people/man/1

请求方法：GET

请求参数：无

返回结果：

{
    "_index": "people",
    "_type": "man",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "name": "张三",
        "age": 16,
        "birthday": 1086941876000
    }
}

2.5.2 条件查询

查询people索引库中所有数据

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people/_search

请求方法：POST

请求参数：

{
    "query":{
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 3,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "李四",
                    "age": 20,
                    "birthday": 960711476000
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "张三",
                    "age": 16,
                    "birthday": 1086941876000
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "王五",
                    "age": 16,
                    "birthday": 1086077876000
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

指定分页信息

通过from指定从哪里返回，通过size指定返回大小

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people/_search

请求方法：POST

请求参数：

{
    "query":{
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "from":1,
    "size":1
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "张三",
                    "age": 16,
                    "birthday": 1086941876000
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

指定排序信息查询

查询所有文档，并按照age字段降序排序

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people/_search

请求方法：POST

请求参数：

{
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "sort": [
        {
            "age": {
                "order": "desc"
            }
        }
    ]
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 20,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "李四",
                    "age": 20,
                    "birthday": 960711476000
                },
                "sort": [
                    20
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "张三",
                    "age": 16,
                    "birthday": 1086941876000
                },
                "sort": [
                    16
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "王五",
                    "age": 16,
                    "birthday": 1086077876000
                },
                "sort": [
                    16
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}

指定关键字查询

查询名字为王五的文档

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people/_search

请求方法：POST

请求参数：

{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "name": "王五"
        }
    }
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "王五",
                    "age": 16,
                    "birthday": 1086077876000
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

2.5.3 聚合查询

按照关键字聚合

查询所有文档，并按照age字段聚合

请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:9200/people/_search

请求方法：POST

请求参数：

{
    "aggs": {
        "group_by_age":{
            "terms":{
                "field": "age"
            }
        }
    }
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 16,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "李四",
                    "age": 20,
                    "birthday": 960711476000
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "张三",
                    "age": 16,
                    "birthday": 1086941876000
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "people",
                "_type": "man",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "王五",
                    "age": 16,
                    "birthday": 1086077876000
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "group_by_age": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
                {
                    "key": 16,
                    "doc_count": 2
                },
                {
                    "key": 20,
                    "doc_count": 1
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}